The current development status and existing problems of the
new energy industry.
1. International situation. The increasingly serious environmental problems have led people to start thinking about the main cause of the problem - the unreasonable use of energy, which in turn affects national energy security. Therefore, countries around the world are beginning to find solutions, and new energy has become an effective way to solve this problem. The development of the international new energy industry has shown the following trends: firstly, in order to promote the transformation of the global energy structure and cope with climate change, the development of the new energy industry has become an important measure. Reports from major international organizations have pointed out that the development of the new energy industry plays a crucial role in achieving the goal of addressing climate change.
From the current development trend, the energy structure of countries around the world has shifted from fossil energy systems to low-carbon energy systems. In the future, the transition from low-carbon energy systems to a sustainable energy era dominated by new energy is a new trend in energy structure transformation. In order to synchronize with the development of countries around the world, the development of new energy occupies a core position in the development strategies of countries around the world. More than 90% of the signatory countries of the United Nations' Paris Agreement on climate change have set new energy development goals. In the process of addressing greenhouse gas emissions reduction, the European Union, as well as developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom, have made the development of the new energy industry a key project. Secondly, the substitution effect of new energy is significant in some countries.
In recent years, the traditional power generation industry in Europe, America and other countries has been making way for the new energy industry, as evidenced by the fact that over 60% of the annual new power generation capacity comes from the new energy industry. The global power system construction is undergoing a structural transformation. In 2015, the newly installed capacity of new energy generation exceeded that of thermal power generation for the first time, accelerating the process of global energy structure transformation. The proportion of new energy generation in the total electricity generation in the United States is also increasing year by year. In addition to developed countries, countries such as South Africa and Saudi Arabia are actively and vigorously building new energy generation projects in the new energy industry. Thirdly, the production cost of the new energy industry has been significantly reduced. With the continuous investment in research and development of new energy technologies by various countries, the technology of the new energy industry has achieved significant results. In addition, the continuous expansion of the application scope of the new energy industry has jointly reduced the cost of new energy from two aspects.
The decrease in costs in the new energy industry means an increase in profitability, and the government's support for it can gradually decrease, ultimately leading to its withdrawal in order to cultivate its market competitiveness. The fourth is that the new energy industry has become a global strategic emerging industry. Faced with the comprehensive promotion of the development of the new energy industry by the international community, as a strategic high ground of the new generation of energy technology and a key area of economic development, many countries in the world attach great importance to the technological research and industrial development of the new energy industry, and have invested a large amount of funds to improve the technological level of new energy. The international competition in the new energy industry has become increasingly fierce over time, especially in the areas of core technologies and products where international disputes are growing. Countries around the world are eyeing the field of new energy industry with keen eyes, and breakthroughs in the new energy industry are something that countries around the world are striving to achieve.
2. Domestic situation. During the 12th Five Year Plan period, China's new energy industry entered a stage of large-scale incremental substitution, which means that new energy has begun to be produced on a large scale, and the stock in some regions has also entered the substitution stage. One is the original intention of developing new energy - to promote energy structure adjustment, which is currently being realized. The proportion of commercialized utilization is a measure of energy structure. In 2015, the proportion of commercialized utilization of new energy in disposable energy in China was about 10%, which is only the amount of commercialized new energy utilization. This data shows that China's energy structure is slowly changing.
Secondly, the equipment manufacturing level of China's new energy industry has significantly improved. With the increase of personnel joining the new energy industry and the continuous efforts of the R&D team, the technological level of China's equipment manufacturing industry has significantly improved. In addition, the scale of its development and utilization is gradually increasing. The successful transformation from a new energy utilization country to a new energy technology industry powerhouse is just around the corner. Therefore, it can be confidently said that China has a relatively mature technological level in hydropower. The mixed flow water turbine generator set with a single capacity of 800000 kilowatts in the hydropower production process is an independently developed and well operated equipment in China. In addition, the ability in the production chain of hydropower project design, construction, etc. has also matured.
Thirdly, China is gradually improving various supporting policies to support the development of the new energy industry. The electricity pricing policies for photovoltaic power generation, waste incineration power generation, and offshore wind power in China were successively introduced during the 12th Five Year Plan period. In order to cultivate the market competitiveness of the new energy industry, it is stipulated that in the future, the on grid electricity price will be adjusted according to the actual situation, and even eventually the on grid electricity price will be removed from the stage of supporting policies. At the same time, specific regulations have been made in the policy regarding subsidies for distributed photovoltaics and electricity prices for solar thermal power generation, which are conducive to the effective improvement of the management system for new energy generation grid connection.
Problems in the New Energy Industry
With the technological progress of the new energy industry and the gradual opening of the new energy product market, new energy has begun to gradually move towards the path of industrial development. The environmentally friendly nature of new energy also plays a positive role in the sustainable development of the economy. However, there are still several problems in the development process of the new energy industry, including:
The new energy industry has a high dependence on policies. In the early stages of the development of the new energy industry, due to the need for advanced technology and incomplete facilities, the cost of new energy products was relatively high. In order to encourage the development of the new energy industry, the government adopted a subsidy policy for new energy products, with a relatively high subsidy amount. According to the research process, approximately 80% of the initial investment in the new energy industry comes from national subsidies, while only 20% of the funds are raised by the industry itself. In the later stages of production, manufacturers only need a small amount of expenses such as machine maintenance and personnel costs, which are almost negligible according to the staff's description.
Moreover, in the subsequent investment and construction process, the government still needs to bear the majority of the investment amount, which shows that the new energy industry is highly dependent on financial subsidies. In the early stages of industrial development, this may not seem like a problem, but as the industry develops and more and more producers enter the industry, the financial pressure on the country will increase. The consequence of this is that funds cannot be disbursed in a timely manner, ultimately affecting the production and operation of enterprises; On the other hand, the high dependence of the new energy industry on policies will affect the enthusiasm of enterprises to enhance their core competitiveness.
2. New energy has not been effectively and fully utilized. Due to the advantages of new energy and the strong support of the government for the new energy industry, the rapid growth rate of new energy installed capacity in China in recent years has led to asynchronous construction and utilization of new energy projects. Although the construction is too fast, the actual utilization rate is low, resulting in imbalances between the supply and demand of new energy products. These problems have a great impact on the healthy development of the new energy industry, and compared with advanced countries, the proportion of new energy utilization in China still lags behind. The construction of power transmission channels and the speed of wind power development are not coordinated, and the rapid development of wind power has caused large-scale wind power transmission to be hindered, resulting in an increasing rate of wind power curtailment and restriction year by year. The main reason for this problem is that there are too many and too fast large-scale projects, but the output environment lacks overall planning. The construction of the projects did not take into account the local economic consumption capacity and the output demand for electricity transmission.
3. The development of the new energy industry is uneven. At present, China has become the largest and fastest-growing market for wind power generation in the world. The exploitable reserves of offshore wind power are 750 million, accounting for about 60% of the total exploitable reserves, while onshore exploitable reserves account for less than 40%, about 253 million kilowatts.
